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1
Al-Fatihah
The Opening
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 1
The Meaning of Al-Fatihah and its Various Names
This
Surah is called Al-Fatihah, that is, the Opener of the Book, the Surah
with which prayers are begun. It is also called, Umm Al-Kitab (the
Mother of the Book), according to the majority of the scholars. In an
authentic Hadith recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, Abu
Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
« الْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبَ الْعَالَمِينَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَأُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَالسَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ »
(Al-Hamdu
lillahi Rabbil-`Alamin is the Mother of the Qur'an, the Mother of the
Book, and the seven repeated Ayat of the Glorious Qur'an.)
It is also called Al-Hamd and As-Salah, because the Prophet said that his Lord said,
«
قَسَمْتُ الصَّلاَةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي نِصْفَيْنِ وَلِعَبْدِي مَا
سَأَلَ فَإِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حَمِدَنِي عَبْدِي »
(`The
prayer (i.e., Al-Fatihah) is divided into two halves between Me and My
servants.' When the servant says, `All praise is due to Allah, the Lord
of existence,' Allah says, 'My servant has praised Me.')
Al-Fatihah
was called the Salah, because reciting it is a condition for the
correctness of Salah - the prayer. Al-Fatihah was also called Ash-Shifa'
(the Cure).
It is also called
Ar-Ruqyah (remedy), since in the Sahih, there is the narration of Abu
Sa`id telling the story of the Companion who used Al-Fatihah as a remedy
for the tribal chief who was poisoned. Later, the Messenger of Allah
said to a Companion,
« وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ أَنَّهَا رُقْيَةٌ »
(How did you know that it is a Ruqyah)
Al-Fatihah was revealed in Makkah as Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Abu Al-`Aliyah stated. Allah said,
﴿ وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَـٰكَ سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى ﴾
(And
indeed, We have bestowed upon you the seven Mathani) (seven repeatedly
recited verses), (i.e. Surat Al-Fatihah) (15:87). Allah knows best.
How many Ayat does Al-Fatihah contain
There
is no disagreement over the view that Al-Fatihah contains seven Ayat.
According to the majority of the reciters of Al-Kufah, a group of the
Companions, the Tabi`in, and a number of scholars from the successive
generations, the Bismillah is a separate Ayah in its beginning. We will
mention this subject again soon, if Allah wills, and in Him we trus
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